Key facts
*  Currency: the €uro since 1999
*  GDP per capita: $71.4 (2023 estimate)
*  Unemployment: 4.4% (June 2020)
*  Inflation: 1.1% (Sept 2020)

*  Amsterdam – financial and business capital with world's oldest Stock Exchange
*  An open economy relying on international trade
*  Rotterdam the largest port in Europe
*  Importance of access to markets in UK and Germany
*  Meuse and Rhine give waterway access to France and as far as Basle in Switzerland
*  In the north is one of the largest natural gas fields in the world

Industries and exports
*  Industrial activity largely food processing – Unilever and Heineken International
*  Highly mechanised agricultural sector supplying large surpluses for food processing industry and export.
*  Netherlands 3rd worldwide behind USA and France in value of agricultural exports.
    Exports a quarter of all tomatoes in world, one-third of all peppers and cucumbers
*  Chemicals – DSM
*  Petroleum refining, broadcasting equipment, packaged medecine, crude petroleum 2022 
*  Electrical machinery – Philips

Export partners

Germany, Belgium, UK France (2022 data)