Area of  41,543 sq km.

Bordering countries are Belgium, Germany.   North Sea coastline.

Largest cities – Amsterdam (capital - population 1.36 million), Rotterdam, Den Haag (The Hague, also called 's-Gravenhage), Utrecht, Eindhoven.

Main rivers - 3 large rivers, Rijn (Rhine), Waal and Maas (Meuse).

Terrain: A low-lying country, a quarter of the land area at or below sea-level, subject to floods over the centuries and constantly changing coastline. The coastal landscape is characterised by a system of dykes and windmills and polders reclaimed from the sea. The 1953 flood disaster led to the Delta Project 1958-97 to end the threat from the sea, considered by the American Society of Civil Engineers to be one of the 7 wonders of the modern world.
There are some low hills in the central region and foothills in the south-east.